Terpenes are the pungent oils that give Cannabis its taste and smell and more than 100 have been identified. They serve the purpose of repelling predators and attracting pollinators.
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Their ability to add flavour is one factor and the other is the fact that each one brings its own important therapeutic properties. It is believed that each terpene plays a different role in the effect of Cannabis.
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Some examples of terpenes:
Limonene – can elevate mood
Caryophyllene – can help protect the gastrointestinal tract
Myrcene – can aid sleep